Questões de Concursos | OAB | Enem | Vestibular

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TEXT I

Beware the power of the blog

 Companies may not like blogs, but if they ignore them they may be inviting some PR disasters. The number of blogs on the internet is doubling every five months, according to blog-tracking site Technorati. The total is now around 20 million, with around 1.3 million posts made each day. Most are no more interesting than overhearing another person's telephone call, but there are exceptions that can have a remarkable impact.  

(From http://www.computing.co.uk/itweek/comment/)

According to the text, blogs are 

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TEXT I

Beware the power of the blog

 Companies may not like blogs, but if they ignore them they may be inviting some PR disasters. The number of blogs on the internet is doubling every five months, according to blog-tracking site Technorati. The total is now around 20 million, with around 1.3 million posts made each day. Most are no more interesting than overhearing another person's telephone call, but there are exceptions that can have a remarkable impact.  

(From http://www.computing.co.uk/itweek/comment/)

The function of the title of this text is to 

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Europe and North Africa could be powered solely by

renewable electricity by 2050 through the implementation of a
"SuperSmart Grid", according to a report issued this week by global
advisory firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).
According to Energy Source, the achievement of 100 per
cent renewable electricity would address energy security and supply
concerns, while decarbonizing electricity generation and reducing
energy poverty, according to the study.
The proposed SuperSmart Grid would allow load and
demand management for power independently of where and when
the electricity is generated.
The system would capitalize on natural resources and
established weather patterns and would incorporate: southern
Europe and North Africa's solar power potential; the hydro
capability of Scandinavia and the European Alps; onshore and
offshore wind farms in the Baltic and the North Sea; Europe's
potential for tidal and wave power; and biomass generation across
the continent.
According to Gus Schellekens, director of sustainability
and climate change at PricewaterhouseCoopers, Europe is now at
a crossroads, where the choice and ability to achieve renewable
power at scale is evident. "Opportunities to use clean and affordable
natural sources of electricity have been flirted with over the past
150 years. This study lays out a clear framework of how this time
could be different", he says.
The dominant source of European power is fossil fuels (55
per cent), while nuclear power provides 30 per cent and 15 per cent
is derived from renewable sources. According to the PwC study, a
renewables-powered Europe would change the landscape for
consumers and business. Electro-mobility could be introduced on
a mass scale, eliminating the carbon costs of day-to-day transport
for people and goods.

It is possible to infer from the text that

electro-mobility introduced on a mass scale can make everyday transport for people and goods cheaper.

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Europe and North Africa could be powered solely by

renewable electricity by 2050 through the implementation of a
"SuperSmart Grid", according to a report issued this week by global
advisory firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).
According to Energy Source, the achievement of 100 per
cent renewable electricity would address energy security and supply
concerns, while decarbonizing electricity generation and reducing
energy poverty, according to the study.
The proposed SuperSmart Grid would allow load and
demand management for power independently of where and when
the electricity is generated.
The system would capitalize on natural resources and
established weather patterns and would incorporate: southern
Europe and North Africa's solar power potential; the hydro
capability of Scandinavia and the European Alps; onshore and
offshore wind farms in the Baltic and the North Sea; Europe's
potential for tidal and wave power; and biomass generation across
the continent.
According to Gus Schellekens, director of sustainability
and climate change at PricewaterhouseCoopers, Europe is now at
a crossroads, where the choice and ability to achieve renewable
power at scale is evident. "Opportunities to use clean and affordable
natural sources of electricity have been flirted with over the past
150 years. This study lays out a clear framework of how this time
could be different", he says.
The dominant source of European power is fossil fuels (55
per cent), while nuclear power provides 30 per cent and 15 per cent
is derived from renewable sources. According to the PwC study, a
renewables-powered Europe would change the landscape for
consumers and business. Electro-mobility could be introduced on
a mass scale, eliminating the carbon costs of day-to-day transport
for people and goods.

It is possible to infer from the text that

the use of not dirty and inexpensive natural sources of electricity has been considered during the last 150 years.

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Europe and North Africa could be powered solely by

renewable electricity by 2050 through the implementation of a
"SuperSmart Grid", according to a report issued this week by global
advisory firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).
According to Energy Source, the achievement of 100 per
cent renewable electricity would address energy security and supply
concerns, while decarbonizing electricity generation and reducing
energy poverty, according to the study.
The proposed SuperSmart Grid would allow load and
demand management for power independently of where and when
the electricity is generated.
The system would capitalize on natural resources and
established weather patterns and would incorporate: southern
Europe and North Africa's solar power potential; the hydro
capability of Scandinavia and the European Alps; onshore and
offshore wind farms in the Baltic and the North Sea; Europe's
potential for tidal and wave power; and biomass generation across
the continent.
According to Gus Schellekens, director of sustainability
and climate change at PricewaterhouseCoopers, Europe is now at
a crossroads, where the choice and ability to achieve renewable
power at scale is evident. "Opportunities to use clean and affordable
natural sources of electricity have been flirted with over the past
150 years. This study lays out a clear framework of how this time
could be different", he says.
The dominant source of European power is fossil fuels (55
per cent), while nuclear power provides 30 per cent and 15 per cent
is derived from renewable sources. According to the PwC study, a
renewables-powered Europe would change the landscape for
consumers and business. Electro-mobility could be introduced on
a mass scale, eliminating the carbon costs of day-to-day transport
for people and goods.

Based on the text, judge the items below.

Wind farms located far away from the coast are also supposed to take part in the project.

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Europe and North Africa could be powered solely by

renewable electricity by 2050 through the implementation of a
"SuperSmart Grid", according to a report issued this week by global
advisory firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).
According to Energy Source, the achievement of 100 per
cent renewable electricity would address energy security and supply
concerns, while decarbonizing electricity generation and reducing
energy poverty, according to the study.
The proposed SuperSmart Grid would allow load and
demand management for power independently of where and when
the electricity is generated.
The system would capitalize on natural resources and
established weather patterns and would incorporate: southern
Europe and North Africa's solar power potential; the hydro
capability of Scandinavia and the European Alps; onshore and
offshore wind farms in the Baltic and the North Sea; Europe's
potential for tidal and wave power; and biomass generation across
the continent.
According to Gus Schellekens, director of sustainability
and climate change at PricewaterhouseCoopers, Europe is now at
a crossroads, where the choice and ability to achieve renewable
power at scale is evident. "Opportunities to use clean and affordable
natural sources of electricity have been flirted with over the past
150 years. This study lays out a clear framework of how this time
could be different", he says.
The dominant source of European power is fossil fuels (55
per cent), while nuclear power provides 30 per cent and 15 per cent
is derived from renewable sources. According to the PwC study, a
renewables-powered Europe would change the landscape for
consumers and business. Electro-mobility could be introduced on
a mass scale, eliminating the carbon costs of day-to-day transport
for people and goods.

Based on the text, judge the items below.

Europe would contribute with some different sources of energy.

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Europe and North Africa could be powered solely by

renewable electricity by 2050 through the implementation of a
"SuperSmart Grid", according to a report issued this week by global
advisory firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).
According to Energy Source, the achievement of 100 per
cent renewable electricity would address energy security and supply
concerns, while decarbonizing electricity generation and reducing
energy poverty, according to the study.
The proposed SuperSmart Grid would allow load and
demand management for power independently of where and when
the electricity is generated.
The system would capitalize on natural resources and
established weather patterns and would incorporate: southern
Europe and North Africa's solar power potential; the hydro
capability of Scandinavia and the European Alps; onshore and
offshore wind farms in the Baltic and the North Sea; Europe's
potential for tidal and wave power; and biomass generation across
the continent.
According to Gus Schellekens, director of sustainability
and climate change at PricewaterhouseCoopers, Europe is now at
a crossroads, where the choice and ability to achieve renewable
power at scale is evident. "Opportunities to use clean and affordable
natural sources of electricity have been flirted with over the past
150 years. This study lays out a clear framework of how this time
could be different", he says.
The dominant source of European power is fossil fuels (55
per cent), while nuclear power provides 30 per cent and 15 per cent
is derived from renewable sources. According to the PwC study, a
renewables-powered Europe would change the landscape for
consumers and business. Electro-mobility could be introduced on
a mass scale, eliminating the carbon costs of day-to-day transport
for people and goods.

Based on the text, judge the items below.

The complete substitution of the current sources would be directed to energy security and supply concerns as well as decarbonizing electricity generation and reducing energy poverty.

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Types of operating systems

Real-time
A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior. The main objective of real-time operating systems is their quick and predictable response to events. They have an event-driven or time-sharing design and often aspects of both. An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities or external events while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.

Multi-user
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer system at the same time. Time-sharing systems and Internet servers can be classified as multi-user systems as they enable multiple-user access to a computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating systems have only one user but may allow multiple programs to run at the same time.

Multi-tasking vs. single-tasking
A multi-tasking operating system allows more than one program to be running at the same time, from the point of view of human time scales. A single-tasking system has only one running program. Multi-tasking can be of two types: pre-emptive and co-operative. In pre-emptive multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each of the programs. Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support pre-emptive multitasking, as does AmigaOS. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process to give time to the other processes in a defined manner. 16-bit versions of Microsoft Windows used cooperative multi-tasking. 32-bit versions of both Windows NT and Win9x, used pre-emptive multi-tasking. Mac OS prior to OS X used to support cooperative multitasking.

Distributed
A distributed operating system manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. The development of networked computers that could be linked and communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing. Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine. When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system.


Embedded
Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating systems.

Internet: http://en.wikipedia.org (adapted)

Based on the text above, judge the following items from 111 through 116.

Systems that use time-sharing are not considered to be multi- user systems, since they do not allow the simultaneous access of several users to a computer.

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Types of operating systems

Real-time
A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior. The main objective of real-time operating systems is their quick and predictable response to events. They have an event-driven or time-sharing design and often aspects of both. An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities or external events while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.

Multi-user
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer system at the same time. Time-sharing systems and Internet servers can be classified as multi-user systems as they enable multiple-user access to a computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating systems have only one user but may allow multiple programs to run at the same time.

Multi-tasking vs. single-tasking
A multi-tasking operating system allows more than one program to be running at the same time, from the point of view of human time scales. A single-tasking system has only one running program. Multi-tasking can be of two types: pre-emptive and co-operative. In pre-emptive multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each of the programs. Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support pre-emptive multitasking, as does AmigaOS. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process to give time to the other processes in a defined manner. 16-bit versions of Microsoft Windows used cooperative multi-tasking. 32-bit versions of both Windows NT and Win9x, used pre-emptive multi-tasking. Mac OS prior to OS X used to support cooperative multitasking.

Distributed
A distributed operating system manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. The development of networked computers that could be linked and communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing. Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine. When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system.


Embedded
Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating systems.

Internet: http://en.wikipedia.org (adapted)

Based on the text above, judge the following items from 111 through 116. 

Since the first release of Windows NT, no version of Windows used cooperative multi-tasking.

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Types of operating systems

Real-time
A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior. The main objective of real-time operating systems is their quick and predictable response to events. They have an event-driven or time-sharing design and often aspects of both. An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities or external events while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.

Multi-user
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer system at the same time. Time-sharing systems and Internet servers can be classified as multi-user systems as they enable multiple-user access to a computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating systems have only one user but may allow multiple programs to run at the same time.

Multi-tasking vs. single-tasking
A multi-tasking operating system allows more than one program to be running at the same time, from the point of view of human time scales. A single-tasking system has only one running program. Multi-tasking can be of two types: pre-emptive and co-operative. In pre-emptive multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each of the programs. Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support pre-emptive multitasking, as does AmigaOS. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process to give time to the other processes in a defined manner. 16-bit versions of Microsoft Windows used cooperative multi-tasking. 32-bit versions of both Windows NT and Win9x, used pre-emptive multi-tasking. Mac OS prior to OS X used to support cooperative multitasking.

Distributed
A distributed operating system manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. The development of networked computers that could be linked and communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing. Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine. When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system.


Embedded
Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating systems.

Internet: http://en.wikipedia.org (adapted)

Based on the text above, judge the following items from 111 through 116.

Only rarely, operating systems use specific scheduling algorithms that make sure that the programs behave in a deterministic way.

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Types of operating systems

Real-time
A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior. The main objective of real-time operating systems is their quick and predictable response to events. They have an event-driven or time-sharing design and often aspects of both. An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities or external events while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.

Multi-user
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer system at the same time. Time-sharing systems and Internet servers can be classified as multi-user systems as they enable multiple-user access to a computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating systems have only one user but may allow multiple programs to run at the same time.

Multi-tasking vs. single-tasking
A multi-tasking operating system allows more than one program to be running at the same time, from the point of view of human time scales. A single-tasking system has only one running program. Multi-tasking can be of two types: pre-emptive and co-operative. In pre-emptive multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each of the programs. Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support pre-emptive multitasking, as does AmigaOS. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process to give time to the other processes in a defined manner. 16-bit versions of Microsoft Windows used cooperative multi-tasking. 32-bit versions of both Windows NT and Win9x, used pre-emptive multi-tasking. Mac OS prior to OS X used to support cooperative multitasking.

Distributed
A distributed operating system manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. The development of networked computers that could be linked and communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing. Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine. When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system.


Embedded
Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating systems.

Internet: http://en.wikipedia.org (adapted)

Based on the text above, judge the following items from 111 through 116.

Single-user operating systems do not allow the use of a computer by multiple users. Moreover, they do not allow more than one program to run at the same time.

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Public health is what we, as a society, do collectively

        to assure the conditions for people to be healthy. This requires
        that continuing and emerging threats to the health of the public
4      be successfully countered. These threats include immediate
        crises, such as the AIDS epidemic; enduring problems, such as
        injuries and chronic illnesses; and growing challenges, such as
7      the aging of the populations and the toxic by-products of a
        modern economy, transmitted through air, water, soil, or food.
        These and many other problems raise in common the need to
10    protect the nation’s health through effective, organized, and
        sustained efforts led by the public sector.

              Internet: <www.publichealthpolicy.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following items.

The author suggests that in a modern economy the public and private sectors must work closely together to protect a nation’s health.

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1               The difficulty for health policy makers the world overis 

          this: it is simply not possible to promote healthier lifestyles
         through presidential decree or through being overprotective
4       towards people and the way they choose to live. Recent history
         has proved that one-size-fits-all solutions are no good when
         public health challenges vary from one area of the country to
7       the next. But we cannot sit back while, in spite of all this, so
        many people are suffering such severe lifestyle-driven ill health
       and such acute health inequalities.
    
        Internet: <www.gov.uk> (adapted).

In the text above, 

the expression “in spite of all this” (l.7) could be replaced correctly by despite of all this

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Procedural programming has been around since the inception of computers and programming. Object-oriented paradigms arrived a little later - in the late 1950s to early 1960s - which means over 50 years of object-oriented problem solving. Still, many developers lack a full understanding of the thought process in developing object-oriented software and therefore can’t take advantage of its concepts. I’m happy to see that this book, The Object-Oriented Thought Process, has taken this fairly old perspective and given it full attention and renewed interest. 

  Not having read the previous editions, I’m not familiar with the changes represented in this fourth edition. Author Matt Weisfeld is a professor who understands these important concepts and the level of knowledge and process required for readers and students to grasp what they need to know. The examples in the book are concise, clear, and easy to follow. Additionally, the book makes good use of white space, lists, pictures, and diagrams to make the content easier to follow and scan quickly.

  Weisfeld has organized the concepts to build on each other, ensuring that students understand one concept well before moving to the next. On the other hand, readers who already understand the fundamentals can go directly to object-oriented thought processes for particular programming paradigms, such as Web services or client-server applications. 

  The book is language-neutral. Its examples are in C#, but a supplementary website offers example code in other languages. If your language isn’t fairly represented, don’t be deterred from acquiring this book because object-oriented concepts and semantics are mostly universal - just the particular implementation might vary due to the language.

  Each chapter contains UML and example code to better understand the concepts and see how they’re implemented. The last chapter introduces design patterns but without going into great detail about how to use them. This lets the inexperienced reader know that design patterns would be the next step in the path to developing good code. 

  Overall, I can recommend this book to code developers, designers, and testers - to anyone with an interest in proper software development semantics. It's available in a digital format that serves as a useful ready reference. 

Scott Brookhart. Thinking about objects.Internet: (adapted).

According to the text, judge the items below.

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Procedural programming has been around since the inception of computers and programming. Object-oriented paradigms arrived a little later - in the late 1950s to early 1960s - which means over 50 years of object-oriented problem solving. Still, many developers lack a full understanding of the thought process in developing object-oriented software and therefore can’t take advantage of its concepts. I’m happy to see that this book, The Object-Oriented Thought Process, has taken this fairly old perspective and given it full attention and renewed interest. 

  Not having read the previous editions, I’m not familiar with the changes represented in this fourth edition. Author Matt Weisfeld is a professor who understands these important concepts and the level of knowledge and process required for readers and students to grasp what they need to know. The examples in the book are concise, clear, and easy to follow. Additionally, the book makes good use of white space, lists, pictures, and diagrams to make the content easier to follow and scan quickly.

  Weisfeld has organized the concepts to build on each other, ensuring that students understand one concept well before moving to the next. On the other hand, readers who already understand the fundamentals can go directly to object-oriented thought processes for particular programming paradigms, such as Web services or client-server applications. 

  The book is language-neutral. Its examples are in C#, but a supplementary website offers example code in other languages. If your language isn’t fairly represented, don’t be deterred from acquiring this book because object-oriented concepts and semantics are mostly universal - just the particular implementation might vary due to the language.

  Each chapter contains UML and example code to better understand the concepts and see how they’re implemented. The last chapter introduces design patterns but without going into great detail about how to use them. This lets the inexperienced reader know that design patterns would be the next step in the path to developing good code. 

  Overall, I can recommend this book to code developers, designers, and testers - to anyone with an interest in proper software development semantics. It's available in a digital format that serves as a useful ready reference.

Considering the book review above, judge the following items.

The book is student-friendly when it comes to developing a gradual understanding of concepts.